Action Research and Public Policy Analysis: Sharpening the Political Perspectives of Public Policy Research. By Craig G. Heatwole; Lawrence F. Keller; Garry L. Wamsley The Western Political Quarterly, Vol.29, No. 4, Dec., 1976,597-609.
According to Vernon Van Dyke,” political scientists pay relatively little attention to policy outputs designed to have consequences in environments external to the system.” p.597
To construct a field in terms of categories conceived of as concrete is immediately to congeal the field. Its tentative character is lost, and its form becomes rigid. p.598
BY Martin Landau
We may use the term “policy sciences” for the purpose of designating the content of policy orientation during a given period. The policy sciences include (1)the methods by which the policy process is investigated,(2)the results of the study of policy, and (3)the findings of the disciplines making the most important contribution to the intelligence needs of the time. p.598
Creative interchange is needed between the physicists, the social scientists, and the men of action. The cultivation of the technique of bringing about easy co-operation among ‘interdisciplinary teams’ is one of the principal tasks of an evolving Policy Science. p.609
In 1951
Harold D. Lasswell, “The Policy Orientation,” in Harold D. Lasswell and Daniel Lerner,eds.,The policy Sciences:Recent Developments in Scope and Method(Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1951),p.4
But with few exceptions the evaluation literature ignores the “politics” of the policy -making process. It does nothing to integrate the study of process and impact. p.600
The impacts can be intended or unintended, or more probably, a combination of the two.p.601
Action research is more a strategy than a method or technique. It seeks to generate a new policy environment in which relevant interdisciplinary expertise can combine effectively with practical knowledge of “real world” actors to the mutual benefit of all. p.603
If it is to serve as a tool for intervention as well as analysis of policy problems must involve: (1) academicians; (2) other experts; and (3) those who are in a position to change policies. One without the others vitiates the dual function of action research. p.604
And if we have not “proven” it is the wave of the future, we hope we have at least made it abundantly clear that it offers a process that can go a long way toward meeting those needs we have outlined. p.608
As S. N. Town puts it:”…in a given problem area, research is undertaken to specify the dimensions of the problem in its particular context; on the basis of this evidence a possible solution is formulated, and is translated into action with a view to solving the problem; research is then used to evaluate the effectiveness of the action taken.” p.602
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